Ukubuyekezwa Komkhiqizo
Okhethweni, ikhadi lomvoti liwubufakazi bokuthi umvoti ungubani, okubonisa ukuthi umvoti ubhalise ngokusemthethweni ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwabavoti, futhi umvoti unenjongo yokubamba iqhaza okhethweni.Ikhadi lomvoti lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni “ivoti elilodwa lendoda eyodwa” kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulunga kokhetho.Kuwumkhakha wemboni ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okubala ama-elekthronikhi kanye nekhadi elihlakaniphile elinokuphepha okuphezulu, okulula ukufunda nokubhala ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukuhlonza abavoti bendabuko ohlelweni lokhetho.
Ngobuchwepheshe bekhadi le-IC njengomgogodla kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha nokuxhumana njengendlela, ikhadi elihlakaniphile lixhumanisa izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kwesakhiwo esihlakaniphile zibe yinto ephilayo.Ikhadi le-IC lingasetshenziswa njengokhiye ojwayelekile futhi lingakwazi ukwenza ukukhokhelwa kwezimali kanye nokuba khona, kanye neminye imisebenzi yokulawula, njengokuvula umnyango ngekhadi, ukudla, ukuthenga, ukuzijabulisa, inkomfa, ukupaka, ukugada, ihhovisi, isevisi yokushaja. ngekhadi.
Amakhadi ahlakaniphile angahlukaniswa abe ama-super smart cards, amakhadi e-CPU namamemori khadi.Ngokwemodi yokufunda nokubhala ye-smart card, ingahlukaniswa ngekhadi le-IC lokuxhumana kanye nekhadi le-IC elingenalutho.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha be-chip ne-COS buhlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso sokuphepha esimbaxambili sekhadi le-CPU.Ikhadi le-CPU elinesistimu yalo yokusebenza linezidingo eziphansi zesistimu yenethiwekhi yekhompyutha futhi lingasetshenziswa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.Imemori khadi kufanele isetshenziswe endaweni yenethiwekhi ephelele.I-multi-application yangempela yekhadi elilodwa ingenziwa, futhi uhlelo ngalunye luzimele komunye nomunye futhi lulawulwa uhlelo lwalo lokuphatha olubalulekile.Inomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ubuwena, ongafakazela ubuqiniso obusemthethweni bomnikazi wekhadi, itheminali yekhadi, nekhadi.Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengethuluzi lokukhokha kanye nenkokhelo ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kokuphatha imali eningi kanye noshintsho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuthengiselana.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifakwe imojula yokuphepha, esebenzisa ukhiye ohambisanayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukubethela, ukukhishwa kwemfihlo kanye nokucubungula ukuthengiselana, ukuze uqedele ukuqinisekiswa kokuphepha ngekhadi lomsebenzisi.Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesiphathi sedatha, futhi ikhadi le-CPU lingasetshenziswa njengesiphathi esiphephile samafayela omuntu siqu noma idatha ebalulekile, futhi idatha ingagcinwa okungenani iminyaka engu-10.
Ekusetshenzisweni kokubala nge-elekthronikhi, singahlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhadi okhetho ahlakaniphile anezimiso zokuxhumana ezihlukene, umthamo wokulondoloza ohlukile kanye namazinga ahlukene wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, futhi singasebenzisa amakhadi omazisi akhona ezakhamuzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe umazisi wokuvota.Singahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenqubo egcwele yezicelo zamakhadi okhetho, okuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwe-chip, ukupakishwa, ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo isistimu-on-chip (i-SoC), ukupakishwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukwenza ngokwezifiso amakhadi aqondene nawe, ukuphrinta okulwa nomgunyathi, ukubhala idatha yomuntu siqu, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yokhetho, njll. Ikhadi elihlakaniphile elihlinzekiwe lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.Isibonelo, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ihambisana ne-ISO7816, ISO14443 namanye amazinga, futhi i-chip yezokuphepha ihambisana nesitifiketi se-CC EAL4, EAL5.Iphinde isekele ukufunda nokubhala okuphindaphindiwe, futhi ingasebenzisa izinto ze-PET ezivumelana nemvelo ezinokumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nokugqwala nempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhadi okhetho okhethweni kungafeza injongo yokukhipha amakhadi kanye futhi asebenze isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi abavoti bangasebenzisa amakhadi ekubhaliseni ukuvota kanye nokuvota okhethweni ngalunye.
