Yini engenziwa yi-EVM (Umshini Wokuvota We-elekthronikhi)?
Umshini wokuvota we-elekthronikhi (EVM) iyidivayisiokuvumela abavoti ukuthi bavote nge-elekthronikhi, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amaphepha okuvota noma ezinye izindlela zendabuko.Ama-EVM asetshenziswe emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-India, Brazil, Estonia, kanye nePhilippines, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunemba, nokuphepha kwenqubo yokhetho.Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kwama-EVM kanye nezinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi.
Iyini i-EVM?
I-EVM ingumshini onamayunithi amabili: iyunithi yokulawula kanye neyunithi yokuvota.Iyunithi yokulawula isetshenziswa izikhulu zokhetho, ezingavula iyunithi yokuvota kumvoti, ziqaphe inani lamavoti afakiwe, futhi zivale ukuvota.Iyunithi yokuvota isetshenziswa umvoti, ongacindezela inkinobho eduze kwegama noma uphawu lwekhandidethi noma iqembu alithandayo.Ivoti libe selirekhodwa enkumbulweni yeyunithi yokulawula bese irisidi yephepha noma irekhodi liphrintwa ngezinjongo zokuqinisekisa.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-EVM, kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.Amanye ama-EVM asebenzisa amasistimu e-direct-recording electronic (DRE), lapho umvoti ethinta isikrini noma ecindezela inkinobho ukuze amake futhi avote.Amanye ama-EVM asebenzisa imishini yokumaka i-ballot marking (BMD), lapho umvoti esebenzisa isikrini noma idivayisi ukuze amake ukukhetha kwakhe bese ephrinta ivolothi lephepha eliskenwa isithwebuli sokubona.Amanye ama-EVM asebenzisa izinhlelo zokuvota eziku-inthanethi noma ze-inthanethi, lapho umvoti esebenzisa ikhompuyutha noma umakhalekhukhwini ukuze aphawule futhi avote ku-inthanethi.
Kungani i-EVM ibalulekile?
Ama-EVM abalulekile ngoba anganikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa zenqubo yokhetho kanye nentando yeningi.Ezinye zalezi zinzuzo yilezi:
1.Ngokusheshaukubalwa kanye nokulethwa kwemiphumela yokhetho.Ama-EVM anganciphisa isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ukuze kubalwe futhi kudluliswe amavoti mathupha, okungasheshisa ukumenyezelwa kwemiphumela futhi kunciphise ukungaqiniseki nokungezwani phakathi kwabavoti nabakhethiwe.
2.Ukwethenjwa okungeziwe okhethweni njengoba iphutha lomuntu ligwenywa.Ama-EVM angaqeda amaphutha nokungavumelani okungenzeka ngenxa yezici zomuntu, njengokufunda kabi, ukubalwa kabi, noma ukuphazamisa amavoti.Ama-EVM angaphinda ahlinzeke ngomkhondo wokucwaninga kanye nerekhodi lephepha elingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe nokubala kabusha amavoti uma kudingeka.
3.Ukwehliswa kwezindleko uma usebenzisa ama-EVM emicimbini eminingi yokhetho.Ama-EVM anganciphisa izindleko ezihilelekile ekunyatheliseni, ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni nasekulahleni amavoti amaphepha, okungase konge imali nezinsiza zezinhlangano ezilawula ukhetho kanye nohulumeni.
Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwama-EVM?
Ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwama-EVM, ezinye izinyathelo ezingathathwa yilezi:
1.Ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ama-EVM ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.Ama-EVM kufanele ahlolwe futhi agunyazwe ngochwepheshe abazimele noma ama-ejensi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlangabezana namazinga obuchwepheshe nezimfuneko zokusebenza, ukuphepha, ukusebenziseka, ukufinyeleleka, njll.
2.Ukufundisa nokuqeqesha izikhulu zokhetho nabavoti ngendlela yokusebenzisa ama-EVM.Izikhulu zokhetho nabavoti kufanele bafundiswe futhi baqeqeshwe mayelana nendlela yokusebenza nokuxazulula izinkinga zama-EVM, kanye nendlela yokubika nokuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga noma izigameko ezingase ziphakame.
3.Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nezivumelwano zokuvikela ama-EVM ekuhlaselweni.Ama-EVM kufanele avikelwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingokoqobo kanye ne-inthanethi kanye nezinqubo, njengokubethela, ukufakazela ubuqiniso, izindonga zokuvikela, ukuvikela amagciwane, izingidi, izigxivizo, njll. Ama-EVM kufanele futhi aqashwe futhi ahlolwe njalo ukuze kutholwe futhi kuvinjwe noma yikuphi ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukuphazamiseka.
4.Ukuhlinzeka ngomkhondo wephepha noma irekhodi ngezinjongo zokuqinisekisa nokucwaninga.Ama-EVM kufanele ahlinzeke ngomkhondo wephepha noma irekhodi lamavoti afakiwe, ngokuphrinta irisidi lephepha noma irekhodi lomvoti noma ngokugcina ivoti lephepha ebhokisini elivaliwe.Umkhondo wephepha noma irekhodi kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa nokuhlola imiphumela ye-elekthronikhi, ngokungahleliwe noma ngokuphelele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nobuqotho bayo.
Ama-EVM ayinto emisha ebalulekileokungathuthukisa inqubo yokhetho kanye nentando yeningi.Kodwa-ke, ziphinde zibe nezinselelo kanye nezingozi ezidinga ukubhekwana nazo futhi zincishiswe.Ngokwamukela izinqubo nezindinganiso ezingcono kakhulu, ama-EVM angasetshenziswa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lokuvota kanye nomphumela wabo bonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 17-07-23
