Namuhla ubuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuvota.
Phakathi kwamazwe angu-185 entando yeningi emhlabeni, angaphezu kwama-40 asebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-electoral automation, futhi amazwe acishe abe ngu-50 nezifunda abeke i-automation yokhetho ku-ajenda.Akunzima ukwahlulela ukuthi inani lamazwe amukela ubuchwepheshe be-electoral automation lizoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesisekelo sabavoti emazweni ahlukahlukene, isidingo sobuchwepheshe bokhetho siyaqhubeka sikhuphuka, Ubuchwepheshe be-automation bokuvota okuqondile emhlabeni bungahlukaniswa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe be-automation technology" kanye "nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzekelayo obungenamaphepha".Ubuchwepheshe bephepha busekelwe ekuvoteni kwephepha okungokwesiko, okulekelelwa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza i-optical, obuhlinzeka ngezindlela eziphumelelayo, ezinembile neziphephile zokubala amavoti.Njengamanje, isetshenziswa emazweni ayi-15 e-East Asia, Central Asia, Middle East nakwezinye izifunda.Ubuchwepheshe obungenamaphepha buthatha indawo yokuvota kwephepha nge-electronic, Ngokuthinta isikrini, ikhompuyutha, i-inthanethi nezinye izindlela zokuzuza ukuvota okuzenzakalelayo, okusetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu naseLatin America.Ngokombono wethemba lokufaka isicelo, ubuchwepheshe obungenamaphepha bunamandla amakhulu emakethe, kodwa ubuchwepheshe be-papery bunomhlaba oqinile wokufaka isicelo kwezinye izindawo, ezingenakuchithwa esikhathini esifushane.Ngakho-ke, umqondo "wokuhlanganisa, okuhlanganisiwe nokusha" wokuhlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obufaneleka kakhulu bezidingo zasendaweni kuwukuphela kwendlela emgwaqeni wokuthuthukisa wokuzenzakalelayo wokhetho.
Kukhona futhi izinsiza zokumaka ezihlinzeka ngohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi lwabavoti abakhubazekile ukuze baphawule ivoti lephepha.Futhi, iziphathimandla ezimbalwa ezincane zibala ngesandla amavoti ephepha.
Okuningi kulokhu ongakhetha kukho kungezansi:
I-Optical/Digital Scan:
Imishini yokuskena edweba amavoti ephepha.Amavoti amakwa ngomvoti, futhi angase askeniwe ezinhlelweni zokuskena zamehlo ezisekelwe endaweni yokuvota (“umshini wokuskena obala obala -PCOS”) noma aqoqwe ebhokisini lokuvota ukuze askenwe endaweni emaphakathi (“maphakathi ukubala umshini wokuskena optical -CCOS”).Amasistimu amaningi amadala wokuskena asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuskena kwe-infrared namavoti anamamaki wesikhathi emaphethelweni ukuze kuskenwe ngokunembile ibhalothi lephepha.Amasistimu amasha angasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe "bokuskena kwedijithali", lapho kuthathwa khona isithombe sedijithali sebhalothi ngalinye phakathi nenqubo yokuskena.Abanye abathengisi bangase basebenzise izikena ze-commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) kanye nesofthiwe ukuze bafake amavoti kuthebula, kuyilapho abanye basebenzisa ihadiwe yobunikazi.Umshini we-PCOS usebenza endaweni lapho ukubalwa kwevoti kuqedwa esiteshini sokuvota ngasinye, esifanele izindawo eziningi e-Philippines.I-PCOS ingaqedela ukubalwa kwamavoti futhi iqinisekise ubuqotho benqubo yokhetho ngesikhathi esifanayo.Amaphepha okuvota amakiwe azoqoqwa endaweni ebekiwe ukuze kubalwe endaweni eyodwa, futhi imiphumela izohlungwa ngokushesha ngokubalwa kweqoqo.Ingakwazi ukuzuza izibalo zesivinini esikhulu semiphumela yokhetho, futhi isebenza ezindaweni lapho imishini ezishintshayo ebhekene nobunzima okufanele isetshenziswe futhi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana inomkhawulo, ikhawulelwe noma ingekho.
Umshini Wokuvota We-elekthronikhi (EVM):
Umshini wokuvota odizayinelwe ukuvumela ivoti eliqondile emshinini ngokuthinta ngesandla kwesikrini, imonitha, isondo, noma enye idivayisi.I-EVM irekhoda amavoti ngamanye futhi ivoti liphelele ngqo kumemori yekhompyutha futhi ayisebenzisi ivoti lephepha.Amanye ama-EVM eza ne-Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), irekhodi lephepha elingunaphakade elibonisa wonke amavoti afakwe ngumvoti.Abavoti abasebenzisa imishini yokuvota ye-EVM enemizila yamaphepha banethuba lokubuyekeza irekhodi lephepha levoti labo ngaphambi kokuliphonsa.Amavoti ephepha aphawulwe ngomvoti kanye nama-VVPAT asetshenziswa njengevoti lerekhodi lokubala, ukucwaninga kanye nokubalwa kabusha.
Idivayisi yokumaka ibhalothi (BMD):
Ithuluzi elivumela abavoti ukuthi bamake ivoti lephepha.Izinketho zomvoti ngokuvamile zivezwa esikrinini ngendlela efanayo ne-EVM, noma mhlawumbe kuthebhulethi.Kodwa-ke, i-BMD ayikuqophi ukukhetha komvoti enkumbulweni yayo.Esikhundleni salokho, ivumela umvoti ukuthi amake ukukhetha esikrinini futhi, lapho umvoti eqedile, aphrinte okukhethiwe kwevoti.Ibhalothi lephepha eliphrintiwe eliphumayo libe selibalwa ngesandla noma libalwe kusetshenziswa umshini we-optical scan.Ama-BMD awusizo kubantu abakhubazekile, kodwa angasetshenziswa yinoma yimuphi umvoti.Amanye amasistimu akhiqize ukuphrintwa ngamabhakhodi noma amakhodi e-QR esikhundleni sephepha lokuvota lendabuko.Ongoti bezokuphepha baveze ukuthi bukhona ubungozi obuhambisana nalezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo kwazise ibhakhodi yona ayifundeki ngumuntu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 14-09-21
