Ubuhle Nebubi Bemishini Yokuvota Kagesi
Kuye ngokuqaliswa okuthile,i-e-voting ingase isebenzise imishini yokuvota ye-electronic standalone (EVM)noma amakhompyutha axhunywe ku-inthanethi (ukuvota ku-inthanethi).Imishini yokuvota yama-elekthronikhi isiphenduke ithuluzi elivamile okhethweni lwanamuhla, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunemba enqubweni yokuvota.Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe, kukhona kokubili okuhle nokubi okuhlotshaniswa nokuqaliswa kwazo.Lesi sihloko sizohlola okuhle nokubi kwemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi ukuze inikeze ukuqonda okuphelele komthelela wayo enqubweni yokhetho.
*Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nobubi bemishini yokuvota kagesi?
Izinzuzo zemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi
1. Ukusebenza kahle:Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yemishini yokuvota esebenza nge-elekthronikhi wukwenyuka kokusebenza kahle okulethayo ohlelweni lokuvota.Ngokuzenzakalela inqubo yokubala amavoti, le mishini inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze imiphumela ifakwe kumathebula ngokunembile.Lokhu kusebenza kahle kuvumela ukusatshalaliswa ngokushesha kwemiphumela yokhetho futhi kusiza inqubo yentando yeningi.
2.Ukufinyeleleka:Imishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi inikeza ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukisiwe kwabantu abakhubazekile.Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezixhumanisi zomsindo noma ezithintekayo, abavoti abangaboni kahle noma abakhubazekile ngokomzimba bangakwazi ukuvota ngokuzimela, okuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabo okulinganayo enqubweni yokhetho.Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke entandweni yeningi emele kakhudlwana.
3.Usekelo Lwezilimi Eziningi:Emiphakathini enamasiko amaningi, imishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi inganikeza izinketho zezilimi eziningi, okuvumela abavoti ukuthi bazulazule esibonakalayo futhi bavote ngolimi abaluncamelayo.Lesi sici sisiza ukuvala imigoqo yolimi futhi siqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlukana kwezilimi akuvimbeli izakhamuzi ekusebenziseni amalungelo azo okuvota.Ikhuthaza ukubandakanywa futhi ikhuthaza ukuzibandakanya okukhulu komphakathi.
4.Ukuncishiswa Kwephutha:Imishini yamanje yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi enezindlela zokuhlola amaphepha aqinisekiswe ngumvoti izindlela zokuvota ezivikelekile. Umlando ufakazela ukwethembeka kwemishini yokuvota kagesi.Imishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi inciphisa amathuba okuba khona kwamaphutha abantu okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokubala mathupha noma kuchazwa amavoti ephepha.Ukurekhodwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokufakwa kwethebula lamavoti kuqeda ukungaqondakali futhi kunciphisa amathuba okungafani.Lokhu kunemba kukhulisa ukwethenjwa komphakathi ohlelweni lokhetho futhi kuqinisa ukuba semthethweni kwemiphumela yokhetho.
5. Ukonga Izindleko:Abavoti bonga isikhathi nezindleko ngokukwazi ukuvota ngokuzimela endaweni abakuyo.Lokhu kungase kwenyuse inani labavoti lilonke.Amaqembu ezakhamizi azuza kakhulu okhethweni lwe-elekthronikhi yilawo ahlala phesheya, izakhamizi ezihlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezikude neziteshi zokuvota kanye nabakhubazekile abakhubazekile.Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala emishinini yokuvota kagesi kungase kube kukhulu, kungaholela ekongeni izindleko zesikhathi eside.Ukuqedwa kwezinhlelo ezisekelwe ephepheni kunciphisa isidingo sokunyathelisa okubanzi nokugcinwa kwamavoti angokwenyama.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi ingabonakala ibiza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi okhethweni oluqhubekayo.
Izinkinga zemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi
1. Ukukhathazeka Kwezokuphepha:Okunye okukhathazayo okuyinhloko okumayelana nemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi ukuba sengozini kwayo ekugetshengeni, ukuphazanyiswa, noma ukuxhashazwa.Abalingisi abanonya bangase basebenzise ubuthakathaka ohlelweni, babeke engozini ubuqotho benqubo yokhetho.Ukuqinisekisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi kanye nokubuyekeza njalo isofthiwe yemishini kubalulekile ukuze unciphise lezi zingozi futhi ugcine ukwethenjwa ohlelweni.Nokho, ukuthembela kwabavoti ekuvikelekeni, ukunemba, kanye nokungenzeleli kwemishini yokuvota kuphansi.Ucwaningo lukazwelonke lwango-2018 lwathola cishe ama-80% abantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje lokuvota lungaba sengcupheni kubagebengu.https://votingmachines.procon.org/）
2. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe:Enye inselele yemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona ukungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu.Ukuphazamiseka kwesofthiwe, amaphutha ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, noma ukucisha kukagesi kungaphazamisa inqubo yokuvota futhi kuholele ekubambezelekeni noma ekulahlekeni kwedatha.Ukuhlola okwanele, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekelayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga ezinjalo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle phakathi nokhetho.
3. Ukungabi namfihlo:Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi kungase kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuba sobala kwenqubo yokuvota.Ngokungafani namavoti ephepha endabuko angabhekwa futhi alandwe kabusha, amasistimu kagesi ancike kumarekhodi edijithali angafinyeleleki kalula noma aqinisekiswe umphakathi.Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinjengokwenza ucwaningo lwamabhuku njalo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokusobala ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kohlelo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukwethenjwa ekuvoteni ngogesi.
4. Izinkinga Zokufinyeleleka Zabavoti Abangebona I-Tech-Savvy:Nakuba imishini yokuvota ye-elekthronikhi ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, ingadala izinselele kubavoti abangazi kahle ubuchwepheshe.Abantu asebekhulile noma abanolwazi oluncane ngobuchwepheshe bangase bakuthole kunzima ukuzulazula ku-interface yomshini, okungase kuholele ekudidekeni noma kumaphutha ekuvoteni kwabo.Ukunikeza izinhlelo ezibanzi zokufundisa abavoti nokuhlinzeka ngosizo eziteshini zokuvota kungabhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka ngokufinyeleleka.
Sekukonke, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemfundo eyanele yabavoti kubalulekile ekwakheni ukwethenjwa komphakathi kanye nokuzethemba ezinhlelweni zokuvota ngogesi.Ngokuhlolisisa okuhle nobubi, abenzi benqubomgomo bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuqaliswa nokuthuthukiswa kweimishini yokuvota kagesiokhethweni olunobulungiswa noluthembekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 03-07-23
