Uphononongo lweMveliso
Kulonyulo, ikhadi lomvoti libubungqina besazisi somvoti, esibonisa ukuba umvoti ubhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni ngexesha lokubhalisa, kwaye umvoti unenjongo yokuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo.Ikhadi lomvoti lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni “ivoti enye yomntu omnye” nokuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lunobulungisa.Yeyona nto iphambili kushishino ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokubala ze-elektroniki kunye nekhadi elihlakaniphile elinokhuseleko oluphezulu, lula ukufunda nokubhala ukubuyisela ukuchongwa komvoti wendabuko kwinkqubo yonyulo.
Ngobuchwepheshe bekhadi le-IC njengeyona nto ingundoqo kunye nekhompyutheni kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano njengeendlela, i-smart card idibanisa amaziko angaphakathi kwisakhiwo esikrelekrele kwi-organic yonke.Ikhadi le-IC linokusetyenziswa njengesitshixo esiqhelekileyo kwaye linokuqhuba ukuhlaliswa kwenkunzi kunye nokuhamba, kunye neminye imisebenzi yokulawula, njengokuvula umnyango ngekhadi, ukutya, ukuthenga, ukuzonwabisa, inkomfa, ukupaka, ukujikeleza, iofisi, inkonzo yokutshaja. ngekhadi.
Amakhadi e-Smart anokohlulwa abe ngamakhadi aphezulu, amakhadi e-CPU kunye namakhadi ememori.Ngokwendlela yokufunda nokubhala ye-smart card, inokwahlulwa ibe yikhadi le-IC loqhagamshelwano kunye nekhadi le-IC elingenalo uqhagamshelwano.Itekhnoloji yokhuseleko ye-chip kunye ne-COS ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kabini kwikhadi le-CPU.Ikhadi leCPU elinenkqubo yalo yokusebenza lineemfuno ezisezantsi zenkqubo yenethiwekhi yekhompyuter kwaye inokusebenza ngaphandle kweintanethi.Imemori khadi kufuneka isetyenziswe kwindawo egqibeleleyo yenethiwekhi.I-multi-application yekhadi enye yokwenene inokufezekiswa, kwaye isicelo ngasinye sizimeleyo kwaye silawulwa yinkqubo yayo yokulawula engundoqo.Inomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ubuwena, nto leyo enokuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani ngokusemthethweni umnini-khadi, i-terminal yekhadi, kunye nekhadi.Ingasetyenziselwa kwakhona njengesixhobo sokuhlawula kunye nokuhlalisa ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kokuthwala imali eninzi kunye nokutshintsha, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kweentengiselwano.Ngexesha elifanayo, lixhotyiswe ngemodyuli yokhuseleko, esebenzisa isitshixo esihambelanayo ukufezekisa ukubethela, ukuchithwa kunye nokulungiswa kokuthengiselana, ukwenzela ukuba ugqibezele ukuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko kunye nekhadi lomsebenzisi.Ingaphinda isetyenziswe njengomphathi wedatha, kwaye ikhadi le-CPU lingasetyenziselwa njengomphathi okhuselekileyo weefayile zomntu okanye idatha ebalulekileyo, kwaye idatha ingagcinwa ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10.
Ukusetyenziswa kokubala nge-elektroniki, sinokubonelela ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zamakhadi onyulo ahlakaniphile anemigaqo yonxibelelwano eyahlukeneyo, umthamo wogcino owahlukileyo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo esiqinisekiso sokhuseleko, kwaye sinokusebenzisa amakhadi eSazisi asele ekho abemi ukungqinisisa umvoti.Sinokubonelela ngeenkonzo zenkqubo epheleleyo yezicelo zamakhadi onyulo, kubandakanywa ukwenziwa kwetshiphu, ukupakishwa, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo-on-chip (i-SoC) ngokwezifiso, ukupakishwa kwesicelo, ukulungelelaniswa kwekhadi lobuqu, ukuprintwa okuchasene nomgunyathi, ukubhala idatha yomntu, ukudibanisa inkqubo yonyulo, njl. Ikhadi le-smart elinikezelweyo liyahlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.Umzekelo, iprotocol yonxibelelwano ihambelana ne-ISO7816, ISO14443 kunye neminye imigangatho, kunye ne-chip yokhuseleko ihambelana ne-CC EAL4, isiqinisekiso se-EAL5.Ikwaxhasa ukufunda nokubhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye inokusebenzisa izinto ze-PET ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ngokuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nobomi benkonzo engaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhadi onyulo kunyulo kunokufezekisa injongo yokukhupha amakhadi kube kanye kwaye asebenze ixesha elide, oku kuthetha ukuba abavoti banokusebenzisa amakhadi ukubhalisa abavoti kunye nokuvota kunyulo ngalunye.
