Kule mihla iteknoloji isetyenziswa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvota .
Phakathi kwamazwe ali-185 edemokhrasi ehlabathini, ngaphezulu kwama-40 amkele itekhnoloji yonyulo oluzenzekelayo, kwaye phantse amazwe angama-50 kunye nemimandla ibeke inkqubo yolonyulo kwi-ajenda.Akunzima ukugweba ukuba inani lamazwe amkela iteknoloji ye-automation yonyulo iya kuqhubeka nokukhula kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.Ukongeza, ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesiseko sabavoti kumazwe ahlukeneyo, imfuno yetekhnoloji yonyulo iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, Itekhnoloji ye-automation yokuvota ngokuthe ngqo kwihlabathi inokwahlulwa ngokulinganayo ibe "iteknoloji ye-automation yephepha" kunye "netekhnoloji ye-automation yephepha".Itekhnoloji yephepha isekelwe kwibhalothi yamaphepha emveli, eyongezwa ngeteknoloji yokuchonga i-optical, ebonelela ngeendlela ezisebenzayo, ezichanekileyo nezikhuselekileyo zokubala iivoti.Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kumazwe ali-15 eMpuma Asia, kuMbindi Asia, kuMbindi Mpuma nakweminye imimandla.Ubuchwephesha obungenamaphepha buthatha indawo yokuvota kwephepha nge-electronic ballot, Ngokusebenzisa isikrini esichukumisayo, ikhompyutha, i-Intanethi kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphumeza ukuvota okuzenzekelayo, okusetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu naseLatin America.Ngokombono wesicelo, iteknoloji engenamaphepha inamandla amakhulu okuthengisa, kodwa iteknoloji yephepha inomhlaba oqinileyo wesicelo kwezinye iindawo, ezingenako ukuchithwa kwixesha elifutshane.Ngoko ke, ingcamango "yokubandakanya, edibeneyo kunye nentsha" ukubonelela ngeteknoloji efanelekileyo kakhulu kwiimfuno zengingqi yindlela yodwa kwindlela yophuhliso lokhetho oluzenzekelayo.
Kukwakho nezixhobo zokumakisha iivoti ezibonelela ngonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki lwabavoti abakhubazekileyo ukumakisha iphepha lokuvota.Kwaye, imimandla emincinci ibala iivoti zephepha ngesandla.
Okunye kukhetho ngalunye lungezantsi:
Ukuskena okubonakalayo/kweDijithali:
Izixhobo zokuskena ezenza iitheyibhile zephepha lokuvota.Iivoti ziphawulwa ngumvoti, kwaye zinokuskenwa kwiinkqubo ze-precinct-based optical scan kwindawo yokuvota (“i-precinct counting optical scan machine -PCOS”) okanye iqokelelwe kwibhokisi yokuvota ukuze iskenwe kwindawo esembindini (“central ukubala umatshini wokuskena wamehlo -CCOS”).Uninzi lweenkqubo zokuskena ze-optical zakudala zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuskena ye-infrared kunye neevoti ezinamanqaku exesha emacaleni ukuze kuskenwe ngokuchanekileyo ibhalothi yephepha.Iisistim ezitsha zinokusebenzisa itekhnoloji "yeskeni yedijithali", apho kuthathwa umfanekiso wedijithali webhalothi nganye ngexesha lenkqubo yokuskena.Abanye abathengisi banokusebenzisa i-scanners-off-the-shelf (i-COTS) kunye nesofthiwe yokubhala iivoti, ngelixa abanye basebenzisa izixhobo zokuthengisa.Umatshini wePCOS usebenza kwindawo apho ukubalwa kwevoti kugqitywe kwisikhululo sovoto ngasinye, esilungele iindawo ezininzi kwiiPhilippines.I-PCOS inokugqiba ukubalwa kweevoti kwaye iqinisekise ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yonyulo ngaxeshanye.Amaphepha okuvota aphawulweyo aya kuqokelelwa kwindawo echongiweyo ukuze kubalwe kwindawo enye, kwaye iziphumo ziya kuhlelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokubalwa kweebhetshi.Iyakwazi ukufikelela kwizibalo ezikhawulezayo zeziphumo zonyulo, kwaye iyasebenza kwiindawo apho oomatshini bokuzenzekelayo bejongene nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kwaye uthungelwano lonxibelelwano lunokunciphisa, luthintelwe okanye alukho.
Umatshini wokuvota woMbane (EVM):
Umatshini wokuvota owenzelwe ukuvumela ivoti ethe ngqo kumatshini ngokubamba ngesandla kwesikrini, imonitha, ivili, okanye esinye isixhobo.I-EVM irekhoda iivoti zomntu ngamnye kwaye ivoti iyonke ngokuthe ngqo kwimemori yekhompyuter kwaye ayisebenzisi phepha lokuvota.Ezinye ii-EVM ziza kunye ne-Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), irekhodi lephepha elisisigxina elibonisa zonke iivoti ezenziwe ngumvoti.Abavoti abasebenzisa oomatshini bokuvota be-EVM abanemizila yamaphepha banethuba lokuphonononga irekhodi lephepha levoti yabo ngaphambi kokuliphosa.Amaphepha okuvota aphawulwe ngumvoti kunye neeVVPAT zisetyenziswa njengevoti yerekhodi yokubala, uphicotho kunye nokubalwa kwakhona.
Isixhobo sokumakisha ibhalothi (BMD):
Isixhobo esivumela abavoti ukuba baphawule ibhalothi yephepha.Ukhetho lomvoti ludla ngokuboniswa kwiscreen ngendlela efanayo ne-EVM, okanye mhlawumbi kwithebhulethi.Nangona kunjalo, i-BMD ayirekhodi ukhetho lomvoti kwinkumbulo yayo.Endaweni yoko, ivumela umvoti ukuba aphawule ukhetho kwiscreen kwaye, xa umvoti egqibile, aprinte ukhetho lokuvota.Isiphumo sephepha lokuvota elishicilelweyo linokuthi libalwe ngesandla okanye libalwe kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuskena wamehlo.Ii-BMD ziluncedo kubantu abakhubazekileyo, kodwa zinokusetyenziswa nguye nawuphi na umvoti.Ezinye iinkqubo zivelise ushicilelo-ngaphandle kunye neekhowudi zebha okanye iikhowudi zeQR endaweni yephepha lokuvota lemveli.Iingcali zokhuseleko ziye zabonisa ukuba kukho imingcipheko ehambelana nezi ntlobo zeenkqubo ekubeni ikhowudi yebha ngokwayo ayifundeki ngumntu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 14-09-21
