IiPros and Cons of Electronic Voting Machines
Ngokuxhomekeke kuphunyezo oluthile,Uvoto lwe-intanethi lunokusebenzisa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki abazimeleyo (EVM)okanye iikhompyutha eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi (ukuvota kwi-intanethi).Oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki baye baba sisixhobo esixhaphakileyo kunyulo lwangoku, olujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle nokuchaneka kwinkqubo yokuvota.Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji, kukho zombini iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga okuhambelana nokuphunyezwa kwazo.Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga okulungileyo kunye nokubi koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki ukunika ukuqonda okubanzi kweempembelelo zabo kwinkqubo yonyulo.
*Ziintoni eziluncedo nezingeloncedo koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki?
Ukufaneleka koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle:Olunye uncedo olubalulekileyo loomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki kukwanda kobuchule ababuzisayo kwinkqubo yokuvota.Ngokwenza inkqubo yokubala iivoti ngokuzenzekelayo, aba matshini banokulinciphisa kakhulu ixesha elifunekayo ukuze iziphumo zifakwe kwitheyibhile ngokuchanekileyo.Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuvumela ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kweziphumo zonyulo kwaye kuququzelele inkqubo yedemokhrasi.
2.Ukufikelela:Oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki banikezela ukufikelela okuphuculweyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo.Ngokudityaniswa kwe-audio okanye i-tactile interfaces, abavoti abangaboniyo okanye abakhubazekileyo bangakwazi ukuvota ngokuzimeleyo, baqinisekise ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba ngokulinganayo kwinkqubo yonyulo.Oku kudityaniswa linyathelo elibalulekileyo elisingise kwidemokhrasi emele ngakumbi.
3.Inkxaso ngeelwimi ezininzi:Kuluntu oluneenkcubeko ezininzi, oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki banokubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha iilwimi ezininzi, ukuvumela abavoti bajonge ujongano kwaye bavote ngolwimi abalukhethayo.Olu phawu lunceda ukuvala imiqobo yolwimi kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba iyantlukwano yeelwimi ayibathinteli abemi ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo okuvota.Ikhuthaza ubandakanyo kwaye ikhuthaza uthethathethwano olukhulu noluntu.
4.UkuNcitshiswa kweempazamo:Oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki bangoku abaneendlela zokuphicothwa kwephepha eliqinisekiswe ngumvoti ziindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuvota. Imbali ibonisa ukuthembeka koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki.Oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki banciphisa ukubakho kweempazamo zabantu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokubala ngesandla okanye ukutolikwa kwephepha lokuvota.Ukurekhodwa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokufakwa kweevoti kuphelisa ukungaqondakali kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okungafani.Oku kuchaneka konyusa ukuthembela koluntu kwinkqubo yonyulo kwaye komeleza ukuba semthethweni kweziphumo zonyulo.
5. Ugcino lweendleko:Abavoti bonga ixesha kunye neendleko ngokukwazi ukuvota ngokuzimeleyo kwindawo abakuyo.Oku kunokunyusa inani labavoti lilonke.Amaqela abemi abaxhamla kakhulu kunyulo lwe-elektroniki ngabo bahlala kumazwe angaphandle, abemi abahlala emaphandleni akude nezikhululo zovoto kunye nabakhubazekileyo abanokungahambi kakuhle.Ngelixa utyalo-mali lokuqala koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki lunokuba lukhulu, lunokukhokelela kugcino lweendleko zexesha elide.Ukupheliswa kweenkqubo ezisekelwe ephepheni kunciphisa imfuno yokushicilelwa okubanzi kunye nokugcinwa kweevoti ezibonakalayo.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki banokubonisa ixabiso elithe kratya, ngakumbi kunyulo oluqhubekayo.
Ukusilela koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki
1. IiNgxaki zoKhuseleko:Enye yezinto eziphambili ezixhalabisayo malunga noomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki kukuba sesichengeni sokugqekeza, ukubhuqa, okanye ukuqhatha.Abadlali abakhohlakeleyo banokusebenzisa ubuthathaka kwinkqubo, bebeka esichengeni isidima senkqubo yonyulo.Ukuqinisekisa amanyathelo okhuseleko olomeleleyo lwe-cybersecurity kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo isoftware yoomatshini kubalulekile ukunciphisa le mingcipheko kunye nokugcina intembeko kwinkqubo.Nangona kunjalo, ukuzithemba kwabavoti kukhuseleko, ukuchaneka, kunye nokulunga koomatshini bokuvota kuphantsi.Uphando lukazwelonke luka-2018 lufumene malunga ne-80% yabantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokuvota yangoku inokuba sesichengeni kubaduni.https://votingmachines.procon.org/）
2. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezobuGcisa:Enye i-drawback yoomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki yinto enokwenzeka yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezobugcisa okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo.I-Glitches kwi-software, iimpazamo ze-hardware, okanye ukuphuma kwamandla kunokuphazamisa inkqubo yokuvota kwaye kubangele ukulibaziseka okanye ukulahleka kwedatha.Uvavanyo olwaneleyo, ukugcinwa, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ziyimfuneko ukunciphisa imiba enjalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha lonyulo.
3. Ukunqongophala kokungafihli:Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki kunokuphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokungafihli kwenkqubo yokuvota.Ngokungafaniyo nephepha lokuvota lemveli elinokuthi libonwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye liphinde libalwe, iinkqubo zombane zixhomekeke kwiirekhodi zedijithali ezingafikeleleki lula okanye ziqinisekiswe luluntu.Ukujongana noku, ukuphumeza imilinganiselo efana nokuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo kunye nokubonelela ngokungafihlisi kuyilo lwenkqubo nokusebenza kunganceda ukomeleza ukuthembeka kuvoto ngekhompyutha.
4. Imiba yokuFumaneka kwabaVoti abaNgekho kweTech-Savvy:Ngelixa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki bajolise ekuphuculeni ukufikeleleka, banokubeka imingeni kubavoti abangaqhelananga nobuchwephesha.Abantu abadala okanye abanolwazi lwetekhnoloji abancinci banokukufumanisa kunzima ukuzulazula kujongano lomatshini, okunokukhokelela ekubhidekeni okanye kwiimpazamo ekuvoteni kwabo.Ukubonelela ngeenkqubo ezibanzi zokufundisa abavoti kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo kwizikhululo zokuvota kunokujongana nale nkxalabo yokufikeleleka.
Lilonke, ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo, ukwenza uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo, nokubonelela ngemfundo eyaneleyo yabavoti kubalulekile ekwakheni ukuthembana nokuzithemba koluntu kwiinkqubo zokuvota ngekhompyutha.Ngokuvavanya ngononophelo okulungileyo nokubi, abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo banokwenza izigqibo benolwazi malunga nokuphunyezwa kunye nokwandiswa kweoomatshini bokuvota be-elektronikikunyulo olunobulungisa noluthembekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: 03-07-23
