Chii chinogona kuitwa neEVM (Electronic Voting Machine)?
Muchina wekuvhota wemagetsi (EVM) mudziyoizvo zvinobvumira vavhoti kuvhota nemagetsi, pane kushandisa mapepa ekuvhota kana dzimwe nzira dzechinyakare.MaEVM akashandiswa munyika dzakasiyana siyana pasirese, dzakadai seIndia, Brazil, Estonia, nePhilippine, kuvandudza kushanda, kurongeka, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro esarudzo.Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura kukosha kweEVMs uye zvakanakira nekuipira kwavo.
Chii chinonzi EVM?
An EVM muchina une zvikamu zviviri: control unit uye ballot unit.Chikamu chekutonga chinoshandiswa nevakuru vesarudzo, vanogona kushandura chikamu chekuvhota kune muvhoti, kutarisa huwandu hwemavhoti akaiswa, uye kuvhara kuvhota.Bato rekuvhotera rinoshandiswa nemuvhoti, anokwanisa kudzvanya bhatani riri padivi pezita kana chiratidzo chemumiriri kana bato raanoda.Vhoti inobva yarekodhwa mundangariro yechikamu chekutonga uye risiti yepepa kana rekodhi inodhindwa nechinangwa chekuongorora.
Kune marudzi akasiyana eEVM, zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hunoshandiswa.Mamwe maEVM anoshandisa madirect-recording electronic (DRE) masisitimu, apo muvhoti anobata sikirini kana kudzvanya bhatani kumaka nekukanda vhoti yavo.Mamwe maEVM anoshandisa midziyo yekumaka vhoti (BMD), apo muvhoti anoshandisa sikirini kana kuti mudziyo kumaka zvaanenge asarudza obva adhinda bepa rekuvhota rinoongororwa neoptical scanner.Mamwe maEVM anoshandisa nzira dzekuvhota pamhepo kana painternet, apo muvhoti anoshandisa komputa kana nharembozha kumaka nekuvhota pamhepo.
Sei maEVM achikosha?
MaEVM akakosha nekuti anogona kupa akati wandei mabhenefiti esarudzo uye democracy.Zvimwe zvezvibatsiro izvi ndezvi:
1.Fasterkuverenga nekuunza zvakabuda musarudzo.MaEVM anogona kuderedza nguva nekuedza kunodiwa kuverenga uye kutumira mavhoti nemaoko, izvo zvinogona kukurumidzira kuziviswa kwezvabuda uye kuderedza kusagadzikana uye kunetsana pakati pevavhoti nevanokwikwidza.
2.Kuwedzera kuvimba nesarudzo sezvo kukanganisa kwevanhu kunodziviswa.MaEVM anogona kubvisa zvikanganiso uye kusawirirana kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvinhu zvevanhu, sekuverenga zvisizvo, kuverengera, kana kukanganisa mavhoti.MaEVM anogonawo kupa nzira yekuongorora uye rekodhi rekodhi rinogona kushandiswa kuona uye kuverengera mavhoti kana zvichidikanwa.
3.Kudzikiswa kwemutengo paunenge uchishandisa maEVM pane akawanda masarudzo zviitiko.MaEVM anogona kuderedza mari inoshandiswa mukudhinda, kutakura, kuchengeta, uye kurasa mapepa ekuvhota, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mari nezviwanikwa zvemapato ekutonga sarudzo nehurumende.
Nzira yekuita sei yakachengeteka uye inobudirira kushandiswa kweEVMs?
Kuve nechokwadi chekushandisa kwakachengeteka uye kunoshanda kweEVMs, mamwe matanho anogona kutorwa ndeaya:
1.Kuedza nekusimbisa maEVM isati yatumirwa.Iwo maEVM anofanirwa kuyedzwa uye kusimbiswa nenyanzvi dzakazvimiririra kana masangano kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anosangana nematekinoroji zviyero uye zvinodiwa zvekushanda, chengetedzo, usability, kuwanikwa, nezvimwe.
2.Kudzidzisa nekudzidzisa vakuru vesarudzo nevavhoti mashandisiro eEVMs.Vakuru vesarudzo nevavhoti vanofanira kudzidziswa uye kudzidziswa nezve mashandisirwo nekugadzirisa maEVMs, pamwe nekutaura nekugadzirisa chero nyaya kana zviitiko zvingamuka.
3.Kuita matanho ekuchengetedza uye mapuroteni kuchengetedza maEVM kubva mukurwiswa.MaEVM anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nemaitiro emuviri uye cyber kuchengetedza zviyero uye maprotocol, akadai encryption, authentication, firewalls, antivirus, makiyi, zvisimbiso, etc. MaEVM anofanirwawo kuongororwa uye kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti aone uye kudzivirira chero kupi kusina mvumo kana kupindira.
4.Kupa pepa trail kana rekodhi yekusimbisa uye yekuongorora zvinangwa.MaEVM anofanirwa kupa gwara repepa kana rekodhi yemavhoti anokandwa, kungave nekudhinda risiti yepepa kana rekodhi yemuvhoti kana nekuchengeta vhoti yepepa mubhokisi rakavharwa.Iyo pepa trail kana rekodhi inofanirwa kushandiswa kuonesa nekuongorora zvabuda zvemagetsi, zvingave zvisina tsarukano kana zvizere, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kuvimbika.
EVMs chinhu chakakosha innovationzvinogona kusimudzira nzira yesarudzo uye democracy.Nekudaro, ivo vanounzawo mamwe matambudziko uye njodzi dzinofanirwa kugadziriswa nekudzikiswa.Nekutora maitiro akanakisa uye zviyero, maEVM anogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo kuvandudza ruzivo rwekuvhota uye mhedzisiro kune vese.
Nguva yekutumira: 17-07-23
