Niki EVM (Imashini itora ya elegitoronike) yakora?
Imashini itora ya elegitoronike (EVM) ni igikoreshoibyo bituma abatora batora amajwi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, aho gukoresha impapuro cyangwa ubundi buryo gakondo.EVM zakoreshejwe mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, nk'Ubuhinde, Burezili, Esitoniya, na Filipine, kugira ngo imikorere y’amatora ikore neza, neza, n'umutekano.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzaganira ku kamaro ka EVM nibyiza byabo nibibi.
EVM ni iki?
EVM ni imashini igizwe nibice bibiri: ishami rishinzwe kugenzura hamwe n’itora.Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura rikoreshwa n'abashinzwe amatora, bashobora gukora ishami ry’itora ku batora, kugenzura umubare w'amajwi yatanzwe, no gufunga amatora.Igice cy’itora gikoreshwa n’itora, ushobora gukanda buto iruhande rwizina cyangwa ikimenyetso cyumukandida cyangwa ishyaka bahisemo.Amajwi noneho yandikwa murwibutso rwigenzura kandi urupapuro rwakiriwe cyangwa inyandiko byacapwe kugirango bigenzurwe.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa EVM, bitewe nikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe.EVM zimwe zikoresha sisitemu yo gufata amajwi ya elegitoronike (DRE), aho abatora bakora kuri ecran cyangwa bagakanda buto kugirango bashireho amajwi.EVM zimwe zikoresha ibikoresho byerekana amajwi (BMD), aho abatora bakoresha ecran cyangwa igikoresho kugirango bamenye ibyo bahisemo hanyuma bagacapura impapuro zipapuro zisikanwa na optique ya optique.EVM zimwe zikoresha uburyo bwo gutora kumurongo cyangwa sisitemu yo gutora kuri interineti, aho abatora bakoresha mudasobwa cyangwa igikoresho kigendanwa kugirango bamenyekanishe kandi batore kumurongo.
Kuki EVM ari ngombwa?
EVM ni ngombwa kuko zishobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi kubikorwa byamatora na demokarasi.Zimwe muri izo nyungu ni:
1.Byihutakubara no gutanga ibyavuye mu matora.EVMs irashobora kugabanya igihe n'imbaraga zisabwa mu kubara no kohereza amajwi intoki, ibyo bikaba byihutisha gutangaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi kandi bikagabanya ukutamenya no guterana amagambo hagati y'abatora n'abakandida.
2.Kongera ikizere mumatora nkuko ikosa ryabantu ryirindwa.EVM irashobora gukuraho amakosa no kunyuranya bishobora kubaho bitewe nibintu byabantu, nko kudasoma nabi, kubara nabi, cyangwa kunyereza amajwi.EVMs irashobora kandi gutanga inzira yubugenzuzi hamwe nimpapuro zishobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma no kubara amajwi nibikenewe.
3.Kugabanya ibiciro mugihe ukoresheje EVM mubikorwa byinshi byamatora.EVM irashobora kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu gucapa, gutwara, kubika, no guta amajwi y’impapuro, zishobora kuzigama amafaranga n’umutungo w’inzego zishinzwe amatora na guverinoma.
Nigute ushobora kwemeza gukoresha umutekano wa EVM?
Kugirango ukoreshe neza kandi neza gukoresha EVM, ingamba zimwe na zimwe zishobora gufatwa ni:
1.Gupima no kwemeza EVM mbere yo koherezwa.EVM zigomba kugeragezwa no kwemezwa ninzobere cyangwa ibigo byigenga kugirango barebe ko byujuje ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki n'ibisabwa mu mikorere, umutekano, imikoreshereze, kugerwaho, n'ibindi.
2.Kwigisha no guhugura abashinzwe amatora n’abatora uburyo bwo gukoresha EVM.Abashinzwe amatora n’abatora bagomba kwigishwa no guhugurwa ku buryo bwo gukora no gukemura ibibazo bya EVM, ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutanga raporo no gukemura ibibazo cyangwa ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.
3.Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z'umutekano na protocole kugirango urinde EVM ibitero.EVM zigomba kurindwa ningamba zumutekano zumubiri na cyber hamwe na protocole, nko gushishoza, kwemeza, firewall, antivirus, gufunga, kashe, nibindi. EVM nayo igomba gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango hamenyekane kandi hirindwe kwinjira cyangwa kwivanga bitemewe.
4.Gutanga impapuro cyangwa inyandiko yo kugenzura no kugenzura.EVMs zigomba gutanga inzira cyangwa urupapuro rwamajwi yatanzwe, haba mugucapisha inyemezabuguzi cyangwa inyandiko kubatoye cyangwa kubika amajwi mumasanduku.Impapuro cyangwa inyandiko bigomba gukoreshwa mugusuzuma no kugenzura ibisubizo bya elegitoronike, bitunguranye cyangwa byuzuye, kugirango hamenyekane neza kandi byuzuye.
EVMs ni udushya twingenziibyo bishobora kuzamura inzira y'amatora na demokarasi.Icyakora, bateza kandi ibibazo hamwe ningaruka zigomba gukemurwa no kugabanywa.Mugukoresha uburyo bwiza nubuziranenge, EVM zirashobora gukoreshwa neza kandi neza mugutezimbere uburambe bwamatora nibisubizo kuri bose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 17-07-23
