Ikoreshwa
Kuborohereza gukoresha abatora ni ikintu cyingenzi kuri gahunda yo gutora.
Kimwe mubitekerezo byingenzi byifashishwa ni uburyo sisitemu yatanzwe igabanya amajwi atabigambiriye (mugihe amajwi atanditswe mumarushanwa) cyangwa kurenza urugero (mugihe bigaragara ko uwatoye yahisemo abakandida benshi mumarushanwa kuruta uko byemewe, bikuraho amajwi yose kuri ibyo biro).Izi zifatwa nk "amakosa" kandi zikoreshwa kenshi mugupima imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutora.
- EVM zirinda ikosa cyangwa kumenyesha abatora amakosa mbere yuko itora ritorwa.Bamwe kandi barimo Inzira yo Kugenzura Impapuro Zitora (VVPAT) kugirango abatora bashobore kureba impapuro zerekana amajwi ye kandi barebe ko aribyo.
- Precinct ibara imashini isikana optique, aho gutora impapuro zabitswe ahabigenewe gutora, birashobora kumenyesha uwatoye ikosa, mugihe uwatoye ashobora gukosora amakosa, cyangwa gutora neza mumatora mashya (itora ryambere ntiribarwa. ).
- Hagati yo kubara imashini isikana optique, aho amajwi yakusanyirijwe kugirango abisikane kandi abare ahantu hamwe, ntabwo biha abatora amahitamo yo gukosora amakosa.Hagati yo kubara scaneri itunganya amajwi byihuse, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa nubutabera bwakira umubare munini wabatari bahari cyangwa batora kuri posita.
- BMDs ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo gukumira ikosa ryo kumenyesha abatora amakosa mbere yo gutora, kandi amajwi yatowe ashobora kubarwa kurwego rwibanze cyangwa hagati.
- Amatora yabazwe mu ntoki ntabwo yemerera amahirwe abatora gukosora amajwi arenze cyangwa amajwi.Itangiza kandi amahirwe yo kwibeshya kwabantu mugutanga amajwi.
Kuboneka
HAVA isaba byibuze igikoresho kimwe cyo gutora kiboneka muri buri gace k’itora ryemerera uwatoye ubumuga gutora amajwi wenyine kandi yigenga.
- EVM zujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na federasiyo yo kwemerera abatora bafite ubumuga gutora wenyine kandi bigenga.
- Gutora impapuro mubusanzwe ntibitanga ubushobozi bumwe kubatoye bafite ubumuga gutora bonyine kandi bigenga, haba kubwububasha bwintoki, kugabanya icyerekezo cyangwa ubundi bumuga butuma impapuro zikoreshwa.Aba batora barashobora gukenera ubufasha bwundi muntu kugirango bamenye amajwi.Cyangwa, kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa na federasiyo kandi utange ubufasha kubatoye bafite ubumuga, inkiko zikoresha amajwi zishobora gutanga ibikoresho byerekana amajwi cyangwa EVM, iboneka kubatoye bahitamo kubikoresha.
Ubugenzuzi
Ubugenzuzi bwa sisitemu bujyanye nuburyo bubiri nyuma y’amatora: ubugenzuzi nyuma y’amatora no kubara.Ubugenzuzi nyuma y’amatora bugenzura ko uburyo bwo gutora bwandika neza kandi bukabara amajwi.Ntabwo leta zose zikora ubugenzuzi nyuma y’amatora kandi inzira iratandukanye mubabikora, ariko mubisanzwe kubara intoki zimpapuro zivuye mu turere twatoranijwe ku buryo butagereranywa n’amafaranga yatangajwe na EVM cyangwa sisitemu yo gusikana (amakuru menshi murayasanga kuri NCSL Urupapuro rugenzura nyuma y'amatora).Niba kongera kubara ari ngombwa, leta nyinshi nazo ziyobora intoki zanditseho impapuro.
- EVM ntabwo zitanga impapuro.Kugirango igenzurwe, barashobora kuba bafite ibikoresho byerekana ubugenzuzi bwimpapuro zitora (VVPAT) zemerera uwatoye kugenzura ko amajwi ye yanditse neza.Ni VVPATs zikoreshwa mugenzura nyuma y'amatora no kubara.EVM nyinshi zishaje ntabwo zizana na VVPAT.Ariko, bamwe mubacuruza ikoranabuhanga ryamatora barashobora guhindura ibikoresho hamwe nicapiro rya VVPAT.VVPATs isa ninyemezabuguzi izunguruka inyuma yikirahure aho amahitamo yabatoye yerekanwa kumpapuro.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abatora benshi badasuzuma amahitamo yabo kuri VVPAT, bityo rero mubisanzwe ntibatera iyo ntambwe yinyongera yo kugenzura ko amajwi yabo yanditse neza.
- Iyo ukoresheje amajwi yimpapuro, amajwi yimpapuro ubwayo niyo akoreshwa mugenzura nyuma y’amatora no kubara.Nta mpapuro zinyongera zikenewe.
- Amajwi y'impapuro yemerera kandi abashinzwe amatora gusuzuma amajwi kugirango basuzume imigambi y'itora.Bitewe n’amategeko y’igihugu, hashobora gutekerezwa ikimenyetso cyangwa uruziga mu gihe cyo kumenya umugambi w’itora, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kongera kubara.Ibi ntibishoboka hamwe na EVM, ndetse nabafite VVPATs.
- Imashini nshya ya optique yo gusikana irashobora kandi kubyara amashusho yerekana amajwi ashobora gukoreshwa mugugenzura, hamwe namajwi nyirizina yatowe nkububiko.Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'umutekano bafite impungenge zo gukoresha amajwi yatanzwe hakoreshejwe amajwi atandukanye no kujya ku mpapuro nyirizina, ariko, bagaragaza ko ikintu cyose mudasobwa gifite ubushobozi bwo kwibasirwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 14-09-21
