Muri iki gihe ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutora.
Mu bihugu 185 bigendera kuri demokarasi ku isi, abarenga 40 bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ry’amatora, kandi ibihugu n’uturere bigera kuri 50 byashyize ku murongo gahunda yo gutangiza amatora.Ntabwo bigoye kwemeza ko umubare wibihugu byifashisha ikoranabuhanga ry’amatora bizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka mike iri imbere.Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukomeje bw’ibanze bw’abatora mu bihugu bitandukanye, icyifuzo cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’amatora gikomeje kwiyongera, Ikoranabuhanga ryikora ry’itora mu buryo butaziguye ku isi rishobora kugabanywa mu buryo bwa "tekinoroji yo gukoresha impapuro" na "tekinoroji yo gukoresha impapuro".Tekinoroji yimpapuro ishingiye kumatora gakondo, yunganirwa na tekinoroji yo kumenya neza, itanga uburyo bunoze, bwuzuye kandi bwizewe bwo kubara amajwi.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa mu bihugu 15 byo muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba, Aziya yo hagati, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati n'utundi turere.Impapuro zidafite impapuro zisimbuza impapuro zijwi n’itora rya elegitoronike, Binyuze kuri ecran ikoraho, mudasobwa, interineti nubundi buryo bwo kugera ku gutora byikora, ahanini bikoreshwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Epfo.Urebye ibyifuzo byogukoresha, tekinoroji idafite impapuro ifite amahirwe menshi yisoko, ariko tekinoroji yimpapuro ifite ubutaka bukomeye bwo gukoresha mubice bimwe na bimwe, bidashobora guhindurwa mugihe gito.Kubwibyo, igitekerezo cyo "kwishyira hamwe, guhuriza hamwe no guhanga udushya" kugirango dutange ikoranabuhanga rikwiye kubikenewe byaho ninzira yonyine kumuhanda witerambere ryogutangiza amatora.
Hariho kandi ibimenyetso byerekana amajwi bitanga interineti ya elegitoronike kubatoye bafite ubumuga kugirango berekane urupapuro rwitora.Kandi, uduce duto duto two kubara impapuro zitora.
Ibindi kuri buri cyiciro kiri hepfo:
Gusikana / Gusikana Digital:
Ibikoresho byo gusikana byerekana amajwi.Amajwi arangwa nuwatoye, kandi arashobora gusikanwa kuri sisitemu yo kubitsa ishingiye kuri optique yo gutoranya ahantu hatorwa (“precinct counting optique scan scan -PCOS”) cyangwa igakusanyirizwa mumasanduku y'itora kugirango isikirwe ahantu hamwe (“hagati kubara imashini isikana optique -CCOS ”).Sisitemu nyinshi za optique zo gusikana zikoresha tekinoroji yo gusikana hamwe nu majwi hamwe nibimenyetso byigihe kumpera kugirango ubashe gusikana neza impapuro.Sisitemu nshya irashobora gukoresha tekinoroji ya "digitale scan", aho ishusho ya digitale ya buri gutora ifatwa mugihe cyo gusikana.Abacuruzi bamwe barashobora gukoresha ibicuruzwa byamamaza (COTS) hamwe na software kugirango batange amajwi, mugihe abandi bakoresha ibyuma byihariye.Imashini ya PCOS ikorera mubidukikije aho kubara amajwi birangirira kuri buri biro by’itora, bibereye ahantu henshi muri Philippines.PCOS irashobora kubara amajwi no kwemeza icyarimwe amatora icyarimwe.Impapuro zerekana amajwi zizakusanyirizwa ahantu hagenewe kubara hagati, kandi ibisubizo bizatondekwa vuba vuba kubara.Irashobora kugera ku mibare yihuse y’ibyavuye mu matora, kandi irakoreshwa ku bibanza aho imashini zikoresha zikoresha ingorane zo koherezwa kandi umuyoboro w’itumanaho ukaba muto, wabujijwe cyangwa utabaho.
Imashini itora ya elegitoroniki (EVM):
Imashini itora yagenewe kwemerera gutora mu buryo butaziguye imashini ukoresheje intoki ya ecran, monitor, uruziga, cyangwa ikindi gikoresho.EVM yandika amajwi kugiti cye hamwe n'amajwi yose hamwe mububiko bwa mudasobwa kandi ntabwo ikoresha amajwi.EVM zimwe ziza zifite amajwi agenzurwa n’itora (VVPAT), impapuro zihoraho zerekana amajwi yose yatanzwe n’abatora.Abatora bakoresha imashini zitora za EVM bafite inzira zimpapuro bafite amahirwe yo gusuzuma impapuro zerekana amajwi yabo mbere yo kuyatanga.Amatora yanditseho impapuro z'itora hamwe na VVPATs zikoreshwa nk'amajwi y'ibyanditswe kubarwa, ubugenzuzi no kubara.
Igikoresho cyo gutora (BMD):
Igikoresho cyemerera abatora kuranga impapuro.Guhitamo k'itora mubisanzwe bitangwa kuri ecran muburyo busa na EVM, cyangwa wenda kuri tablet.Ariko, BMD ntabwo yandika amahitamo yabatoye murwibutso.Ahubwo, yemerera abatora gutoranya amahitamo kuri ecran kandi, iyo abatora barangije, basohora amajwi.Amajwi yavuye mu majwi yatowe noneho abarwa cyangwa akabarwa ukoresheje imashini isikana.BMDs ni ingirakamaro kubantu bafite ubumuga, ariko irashobora gukoreshwa nabatoye bose.Sisitemu zimwe zasohoye icapiro hamwe na code ya bar cyangwa QR code aho gutora impapuro gakondo.Inzobere mu bijyanye n’umutekano zagaragaje ko hari ingaruka zijyanye nubu bwoko bwa sisitemu kuva code ya bar ubwayo idasomeka abantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 14-09-21
