Ndemanga ya Zamalonda
Pachisankho, khadi la voti ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti wovotayo ndi ndani, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti wovotayo adalembetsa mwalamulo panthawi yolembetsa, ndipo wovotayo ali ndi cholinga chotenga nawo mbali pa chisankho.Khadi la ovota limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri potsimikizira kuti "munthu mmodzi voti imodzi" ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chisankho chikuchitika mwachilungamo.Ndilo gawo lalikulu lamakampani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowerengera zamagetsi ndi makadi anzeru okhala ndi chitetezo chambiri, zosavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuti zilowe m'malo mwa chizindikiritso cha ovota pachisankho.
Ndi ukadaulo wa makadi a IC monga pachimake komanso ukadaulo wamakompyuta ndi kulumikizana monga njira, khadi yanzeru imalumikiza zida zomwe zili mkati mwa nyumbayo kukhala zamoyo zonse.Khadi la IC litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kiyi wamba ndipo limatha kubweza ndalama komanso kupezekapo, komanso ntchito zina zowongolera, monga kutsegula chitseko ndi khadi, kudya, kugula, zosangalatsa, msonkhano, kuyimitsa magalimoto, kulondera, ofesi, kulipira ntchito. pa card.
Makhadi anzeru amatha kugawidwa kukhala makhadi apamwamba kwambiri, makhadi a CPU ndi makadi okumbukira.Malinga ndi momwe amawerengera ndi kulemba anzeru khadi, imatha kugawidwa kukhala IC khadi yolumikizirana ndi IC khadi.Tekinoloje yachitetezo cha chip ndi COS imapereka chitsimikizo chachitetezo chapawiri pamakhadi a CPU.Khadi la CPU lomwe lili ndi makina ake ogwiritsira ntchito lili ndi zofunikira zochepa pamakompyuta apakompyuta ndipo limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda intaneti.Memory khadi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo abwino ochezera.Makhadi enieni a makadi ambiri amatha kukwaniritsidwa, ndipo ntchito iliyonse imakhala yodziyimira payokha ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi kasamalidwe kake kofunikira.Lili ndi ntchito yotsimikizira kuti ndi ndani, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuti mwiniwakeyo ndi ndani, malo osungira makhadi, ndi khadi.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida cholipirira ndi kuthetsa vutolo kuti mupewe zovuta zonyamula ndalama zambiri ndikusintha, kuti muthe kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imakhala ndi gawo lachitetezo, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito fungulo lofanana kuti likwaniritse kubisa, kubisala ndi kukonza zochitika, kuti mutsirize chitsimikiziro cha chitetezo ndi khadi la wosuta.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chonyamulira deta, ndipo CPU khadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chonyamulira otetezeka owona kapena zofunika deta, ndipo deta akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 10.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera pakompyuta, titha kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakhadi osankhidwa mwanzeru okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana, malo osiyanasiyana osungira komanso magawo osiyanasiyana achitetezo, ndipo titha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma ID okhala ndi nzika kuti atsimikizire ovota.Titha kupereka ntchito zonse zogwiritsira ntchito makadi a zisankho, kuphatikiza kupanga chip, kuyika, makonda a system-on-chip (SoC), kuyika mapulogalamu, makonda amakhadi, kusindikiza kotsutsa, kulemba kwamunthu payekha, kuphatikiza dongosolo lazisankho, ndi zina zambiri. Khadi lanzeru loperekedwa limakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, njira zoyankhulirana zimagwirizana ndi ISO7816, ISO14443 ndi miyezo ina, ndipo chitetezo chip chimagwirizana ndi CC EAL4, EAL5 certification.Imathandiziranso kuwerenga ndi kulemba mobwerezabwereza, ndipo imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za PET zokomera chilengedwe zokhala ndi kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri komanso moyo wautumiki wazaka zopitilira 10.
Kugwiritsa ntchito makadi achisankho kutha kukwaniritsa cholinga chopereka makhadi kamodzi ndikukhala ovomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ovota atha kugwiritsa ntchito makhadiwo polembetsa ovota komanso kuvota pachisankho chilichonse.
