Kodi EVM (Electronic Voting Machine) ingachite chiyani?
Makina ovotera amagetsi (EVM) ndi chipangizozomwe zimalola ovota kuponya mavoti awo pakompyuta, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mapepala kapena njira zina zachikhalidwe.Ma EVM akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, monga India, Brazil, Estonia, ndi Philippines, kuti apititse patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka zisankho, kulondola, ndi chitetezo.M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za kufunika kwa ma EVM ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.
Kodi EVM ndi chiyani?
EVM ndi makina omwe ali ndi magawo awiri: gawo lowongolera ndi gawo lovotera.Gulu lowongolera limayendetsedwa ndi oyang'anira zisankho, omwe amatha kuyambitsa gawo lovotera, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mavoti omwe aponya, ndikutseka mavoti.Chigawo choponya voti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wovota, yemwe amatha kukanikiza batani pafupi ndi dzina kapena chizindikiro cha munthu kapena chipani chomwe akufuna.Voti imalembedwa mu kukumbukira kwa gawo lowongolera ndipo risiti ya pepala kapena zolemba zimasindikizidwa kuti zitsimikizire.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma EVM, kutengera ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito.Ma EVM ena amagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira mwachindunji (DRE), pomwe wovota amakhudza chophimba kapena kukanikiza batani kuti alembe ndikuponya voti.Ma EVM ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolembera voti (BMD), pomwe wovota amagwiritsa ntchito skrini kapena chipangizo kuti alembe zomwe asankha ndiyeno amasindikiza voti ya pepala yomwe imawunikidwa ndi makina owonera.Ma EVM ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zovota pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti, pomwe ovota amagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kapena foni yam'manja kuti alembe ndikuponya mavoti awo pa intaneti.
Chifukwa chiyani ma EVM ali ofunikira?
Ma EVM ndi ofunikira chifukwa amatha kupereka maubwino angapo pamasankho komanso demokalase.Zina mwa zabwinozo ndi izi:
1.Mofulumirirakokuwerengera ndi kupereka zotsatira za chisankho.Ma EVM amatha kuchepetsa nthawi ndi khama lofunikira powerengera ndi kutumiza mavoti pamanja, zomwe zingafulumizitse kulengeza kwa zotsatira ndikuchepetsa kusatsimikizika ndi kusamvana pakati pa ovota ndi ofuna kusankha.
2.Kuchulukitsa kudalira zisankho pamene zolakwika za anthu zimapewedwa.Ma EVM amatha kuthetsa zolakwika ndi kusagwirizana komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha zinthu zaumunthu, monga kuwerenga molakwika, kuwerengera molakwika, kapena kusokoneza mavoti.Ma EVM athanso kupereka njira yowunikira komanso zolemba zamapepala zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikizira ndi kuwerengeranso mavoti ngati pakufunika.
3.Kuchepetsa mtengo mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma EVM pazochitika zingapo zamasankho.Ma EVM atha kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza, kunyamula, kusunga, ndi kutaya mapepala ovotera, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama ndi zothandizira mabungwe oyang'anira zisankho ndi boma.
Kodi mungawonetse bwanji kuti ma EVM akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera?
Kuonetsetsa kuti ma EVM akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera, njira zina zomwe zingatengedwe ndi izi:
1.Kuyesa ndi kutsimikizira ma EVM asanatumizidwe.Ma EVM amayenera kuyesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri odziyimira pawokha kapena mabungwe kuti awonetsetse kuti akukwaniritsa miyezo yaukadaulo ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito, chitetezo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kupezeka, ndi zina.
2.Kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa oyang'anira zisankho ndi ovota momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ma EVM.Oyang'anira zisankho ndi ovota ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi kuthetsa mavuto a EVM, komanso momwe angafotokozere ndi kuthetsa nkhani zilizonse zomwe zingachitike.
3.Kukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo ndi ma protocol kuti muteteze ma EVM kuti asawukidwe.Ma EVM ayenera kutetezedwa ndi njira zachitetezo chakuthupi ndi pa intaneti, monga kubisa, kutsimikizira, zozimitsa moto, antivayirasi, maloko, zisindikizo, ndi zina zambiri. Ma EVM ayeneranso kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kuti azindikire ndikuletsa kusokoneza kulikonse kosaloledwa.
4.Kupereka njira yamapepala kapena zolembera kuti zitsimikizire ndikuwunika.Ma EVM akuyenera kupereka kapepala kapena mbiri ya mavoti oponyedwa, mwina posindikiza risiti ya pepala kapena mbiri ya ovota kapena kusunga voti ya pepala m'bokosi losindikizidwa.Mapepala kapena zolembazo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ndi kufufuza zotsatira zamagetsi, mwachisawawa kapena momveka bwino, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizolondola komanso zowona.
Ma EVM ndichinthu chofunikira kwambirizomwe zingathe kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko yachisankho ndi demokalase.Komabe, amakhalanso ndi zovuta zina ndi zoopsa zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuchepetsedwa.Potengera njira ndi miyezo yabwino, ma EVM atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso moyenera kuti apititse patsogolo kuvota ndi zotsatira zake kwa onse.
Nthawi yotumiza: 17-07-23
