Ubwino Ndi Kuipa Kwa Makina Ovotera Amagetsi
Kutengera kukhazikitsidwa kwapadera,Kuvota pakompyuta kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ovotera oyimira pamagetsi (EVM)kapena makompyuta olumikizidwa pa intaneti (kuvota pa intaneti).Makina ovota amagetsi akhala chida chofala kwambiri pazisankho zamakono, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso kulondola pakuvota.Komabe, monga ndi teknoloji iliyonse, pali ubwino ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwawo.Nkhaniyi ifufuza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa makina ovotera pakompyuta kuti apereke chidziwitso chokwanira cha momwe amakhudzira chisankho.
*Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa makina ovotera pakompyuta ndi ati?
Ubwino wa makina ovotera apakompyuta
1. Kuchita bwino:Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wamakina ovotera apakompyuta ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe amabweretsa pakuvota.Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yowerengera mavoti, makinawa amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kuti zotsatira zilembedwe molondola.Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumathandizira kuti zotsatira za zisankho zifalikire mwachangu komanso zimathandizira kuti demokalase ichitike.
2.Kufikika:Makina ovotera apakompyuta amapereka mwayi wofikira kwa anthu olumala.Kupyolera mu kuphatikiza kwa ma audio kapena ma tactile, ovota omwe ali ndi vuto losawona kapena omwe ali ndi vuto lakuthupi amatha kuponya mavoti awo pawokha, kuwonetsetsa kuti atenga nawo mbali pazisankho.Kuphatikizidwa uku ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri ku demokalase yoyimira kwambiri.
3. Chithandizo cha Zinenero Zambiri:M'magulu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, makina ovotera pakompyuta amatha kupereka zosankha zamitundu yambiri, zomwe zimalola ovota kuyang'ana mawonekedwe ndikuponya mavoti m'chinenero chawo chomwe amakonda.Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa zopinga za zilankhulo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusiyana kwa zilankhulo sikulepheretsa nzika kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo wovota.Zimalimbikitsa kuphatikizidwa komanso zimalimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu kwakukulu kwa anthu.
4.Kuchepetsa Zolakwa:Makina ovota apano apakompyuta okhala ndi njira zowunikira mapepala otsimikiziridwa ndi ovota ndi njira zotetezedwa. Mbiri yakale imatsimikizira kudalirika kwa makina ovotera apakompyuta.Makina ovotera pakompyuta amachepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika za anthu zomwe zitha kuchitika powerengera pamanja kapena kutanthauzira voti ya mapepala.Kujambulitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa mavoti kumachotsa kusamveka bwino komanso kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kusagwirizana.Kulondola kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhulupirira kwambiri zisankho komanso kumalimbitsa kuvomerezeka kwa zotsatira za zisankho.
5.Kusunga Mtengo:Ovota amasunga nthawi ndi mtengo potha kuvota mopanda kudalira komwe ali.Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ovota.Magulu a nzika omwe amapindula kwambiri ndi chisankho chamagetsi ndi omwe akukhala kunja, nzika zokhala m’madera akumidzi kutali ndi malo oponyera voti ndi olumala omwe ali ndi vuto losayenda.Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyambira pamakina ovotera pakompyuta zitha kukhala zochulukirapo, zitha kubweretsa kupulumutsa kwanthawi yayitali.Kuchotsa machitidwe opangira mapepala kumachepetsa kufunika kosindikiza kwakukulu ndi kusunga mavoti akuthupi.Pakapita nthawi, makina ovotera apakompyuta amatha kukhala okwera mtengo, makamaka pazisankho zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza.
Zoyipa za makina ovota amagetsi
1. Zokhudza Chitetezo:Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri pamakina ovotera pamagetsi ndi kusatetezeka kwawo pakubera, kusokoneza, kapena kuwongolera.Ochita zankhanza atha kugwiritsa ntchito zofooka m'dongosolo, ndikusokoneza kukhulupirika kwachisankho.Kuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha cybersecurity champhamvu komanso kusinthidwa pafupipafupi pamakina ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ziwopsezozi ndikusunga chidaliro pamakina.Komabe, chidaliro cha ovota pa chitetezo, kulondola, ndi chilungamo cha makina ovota ndi chochepa.Kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wa 2018 adapeza pafupifupi 80% ya anthu aku America amakhulupirira kuti mavoti omwe alipo atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha kubera.https://votingmachines.procon.org/）
2. Kuwonongeka kwaukadaulo:Wina drawback wa makina ovota pakompyuta ndi kuthekera kwa malfunctions luso kapena kulephera dongosolo.Kuwonongeka kwa mapulogalamu, zolakwika za hardware, kapena kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi kungathe kusokoneza kuvota ndikuyambitsa kuchedwa kapena kutaya deta.Kuyesa kokwanira, kukonza, ndi makina osunga zobwezeretsera ndikofunikira kuti achepetse zovuta zotere ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino pazisankho.
3. Kusawonekera:Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makina ovotera pakompyuta kungayambitse nkhawa za kuwonekera kwa kuvota.Mosiyana ndi mapepala ovotera achikhalidwe omwe amatha kuwonedwa ndikufotokozedwanso, machitidwe amagetsi amadalira zolemba za digito zomwe sizipezeka mosavuta kapena kutsimikiziridwa ndi anthu.Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, kukhazikitsa njira monga kuchita kafukufuku wanthawi zonse ndikupereka zowonekera pamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito adongosolo kungathandize kukulitsa chidaliro pakuvota pakompyuta.
4. Kufikika kwa Ovota Osakhala a Tech-Savvy:Ngakhale makina ovotera apakompyuta akufuna kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka, amatha kubweretsa zovuta kwa ovota omwe sadziwa luso laukadaulo.Anthu okalamba kapena osadziwa zaukadaulo atha kupeza zovuta kuyang'ana momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zitha kubweretsa chisokonezo kapena zolakwika poponya mavoti.Kupereka mapulogalamu athunthu a maphunziro ovota komanso kupereka thandizo m'malo oponya voti kungathe kuthana ndi zovuta izi.
Ponseponse, kukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo chokhazikika, kuchita kafukufuku wanthawi zonse, komanso kupereka maphunziro okwanira kwa ovota ndikofunikira kuti anthu azikhulupirira ndi kudalira makina ovotera pakompyuta.Powunika mozama zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, opanga mfundo amatha kupanga zisankho zanzeru pakukhazikitsa ndi kukulitsamakina ovota amagetsipazisankho zachilungamo komanso zodalirika.
Nthawi yotumiza: 03-07-23
