N'oge a, a na-eji teknụzụ eme ihe n'oge usoro ịtụ vootu niile.
N'ime mba 185 ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ụwa, ihe karịrị 40 anabatala teknụzụ akpaaka ntuli aka, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba na mpaghara 50 etinyela akpaaka ntuli aka na atụmatụ.Ọ naghị esiri ike ikpebi na ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ndị na-anabata teknụzụ akpaaka ntuli aka ga-aga n'ihu na-eto eto n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ.Na mgbakwunye, na-aga n'ihu na uto nke electorate isi na mba dị iche iche, ina maka electoral technology na-aga n'ihu na-ebili, The automation technology nke kpọmkwem ịtụ vootu n'ụwa nwere ike roughly kewara n'ime "akwụkwọ automation technology" na "akwụkwọ automation technology".Teknụzụ akwụkwọ gbadoro ụkwụ na nhọpụta akwụkwọ ọdịnala, nke teknụzụ njirimara anya agbakwunyere, nke na-enye ụzọ dị mma, nke ziri ezi na nchekwa nke ịgbakọ ntuli aka.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-etinye ya na mba 15 na East Asia, Central Asia, Middle East na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.Teknụzụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ na-eji nhọpụta eletrọnịkị dochie mpempe akwụkwọ, Site na ihuenyo mmetụ, kọmpụta, ịntanetị na ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji nweta ntuli aka akpaaka, nke a na-ejikarị na Europe na Latin America.Site n'echiche nke ngwa ngwa, nkà na ụzụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ nwere ikike ahịa ka ukwuu, ma nkà na ụzụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ nwere ala ngwa ngwa siri ike na mpaghara ụfọdụ, nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na obere oge.Ya mere, echiche nke "ngụkọta, jikọtara na ihe ọhụrụ" iji nye teknụzụ kachasị mma maka mkpa mpaghara bụ naanị ụzọ n'okporo ụzọ mmepe nke akpaaka ntuli aka.
Enwekwara ngwaọrụ akara nhoputa ndi ochichi nke na-enye ihe eletrọnịkị maka ndị na-atụ vootu nwere nkwarụ iji kaa akara akwụkwọ.Na, ikike ikike ole na ole na-agụ akwụkwọ ntuli aka.
Ihe ndị ọzọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime nhọrọ ndị a dị n'okpuru:
Nyocha anya/dijitalụ:
Ngwa nyocha nke na-edepụta akwụkwọ ntuli aka.Onye na-eme ntuli aka na-aka akara ntuli aka, enwere ike nyochaa ya na sistemu nyocha nyocha anya na mpaghara ebe a na-eme ntuli aka (“precinct counting optical scan machine -PCOS”) ma ọ bụ nakọta n'ime igbe ntụli aka ka enyocha ya na etiti etiti (“central). na-agụta igwe nyocha anya -CCOS").Ọtụtụ sistemụ nyocha ngwa anya merela ochie na-eji teknụzụ nyocha infrared na vootu nwere akara oge n'akụkụ iji nyochaa akwụkwọ nhoputa nke ọma.Sistemu ndị ọhụrụ nwere ike iji teknụzụ “dijitalụ nyocha”, ebe a na-ewere onyonyo dijitalụ nke akwụkwọ ntuli aka ọ bụla n'oge usoro nyocha.Ụfọdụ ndị na-ere ahịa nwere ike iji ihe nyocha azụmahịa-off-the-shelf (COTS) yana ngwanrọ iji depụta akwụkwọ ntuli aka, ebe ndị ọzọ na-eji ngwaike nkeonwe.Igwe PCOS na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe a na-agụcha votu n'ụlọ ọrụ ntuli aka ọ bụla, nke dabara maka ọtụtụ mpaghara na Philippines.PCOS nwere ike mezue agụta votu ma hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke usoro ntuli aka n'otu oge.A ga-anakọta akwụkwọ ntuli aka akara n'ebe a họpụtara maka ịgbakọ ọnụ, a ga-ahazikwa nsonaazụ ya ngwa ngwa site n'ịgụ ọnụ.Ọ nwere ike nweta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nsonaazụ ntuli aka, yana ọdabara na mpaghara ebe igwe akpaaka na-eche ihe isi ike ga-ebuga yana netwọk nkwukọrịta nwere oke, amachibidoro ma ọ bụ adịghị adị.
Igwe ịtụ vootu eletrọnịkị (EVM):
Igwe ịtụ vootu nke emebere iji nye ohere ịtụ vootu na igwe site na aka nke ihuenyo, nleba anya, wiil ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ọzọ.A EVM na-edekọ votu onye ọ bụla na votu na-agbakọta ozugbo na ebe nchekwa kọmputa ma ọ dịghị eji akwụkwọ nhoputa aka.Ụfọdụ EVM na-abịa na Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT), ihe ndekọ akwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na-egosi votu niile nke ndị nhoputa mere.Ndị ịtụ vootu na-eji igwe ịtụ vootu EVM nwere ụzọ akwụkwọ nwere ohere inyocha akwụkwọ ndekọ votu ha tupu ha atụnye ya.A na-eji akwụkwọ vootu akara akara na VVPAT dị ka votu ndekọ maka ngụkọ, nyocha na ngụgharị.
Ngwaọrụ akara ntuli aka (BMD):
Ngwaọrụ na-enye ndị na-eme ntuli aka aka akara nhọpụta akwụkwọ.A na-egosipụtakarị nhọrọ onye ntuli aka na ihuenyo n'ụzọ yiri nke EVM, ma ọ bụ ikekwe na mbadamba.Agbanyeghị, BMD anaghị edekọ nhọrọ onye ntuli aka na ebe nchekwa ya.Kama, ọ na-enye ohere ka onye nhoputa aka akara nhọrọ na ihuenyo yana, mgbe emechara onye ntuli aka, bipụta nhọrọ ntuli aka.A na-eji igwe nyocha anya gụọ akwụkwọ nhọpụta akwụkwọ a ga-esi na ya pụta ma ọ bụ gụchaa ya.BMD bara uru maka ndị nwere nkwarụ, mana onye ọ bụla nwere ike iji ya mee ntuli aka.Ụfọdụ sistemu weputara mbipụta nwere koodu mmanya ma ọ bụ koodu QR kama ịme ntuli aka akwụkwọ ọdịnala.Ndị ọkachamara nchekwa ekwupụtala na enwere ihe egwu jikọtara ya na ụdị sistemu ndị a ebe ọ bụ na koodu mmanya n'onwe ya abụghị nke mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ.
Oge nzipu: 14-09-21
